Tugas Softskill 2 Metode Penelitian
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No
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Judul
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Author
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Introduction
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Method
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Hasil
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Kesimpulan
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1
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THERMAL FATIGUE
ANALYSIS OF INDUCTION MELTING FURNACE WALL FOR ALUMINA RAMMING MASS
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Mehta, Nirajkumar C
Machhar, Vasim G
Popat, Ravi K
(2013)
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Furnace is a term
used to identify a closed space here heat is applied to a body in order to
raise its temperature. The source of heat may be fuel or electricity.
Commonly, metals and alloys and sometimes non-metals are heated in furnaces.
The purpose of heating defines the temperature of heating and heating rate.
Increase in
temperature softens the metals. They become amenable to deformation. This
softening occurs with or without a change in the metallic structure. Heating
to lower temperatures (below the critical temperature) of the metal softens
it by relieving the internal stresses. On the other hand, metals heated to
temperatures above the critical temperatures leads to changes in crystal
structures and re-crystallization like annealing. Further some metals and
alloys are melted, ceramic products vitrified, coals coked, metals like zinc
are vaporized and many other processes are performed in Furnaces.
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The accurate
simulation of Induction melting furnace refractory wall is done for finding
out temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution by using proper
solving conditions. These solving conditions include initial and boundary
conditions, material properties and assumptions etc. Finite Element Analysis
using ANSYS was performed to calculate temperature field and stress field
caused by application of heat flux caused by heat generation inside the
induction melting furnace.
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It gives temperature
distribution and stress distribution for four different materials silica
ramming mass. It indicates that temperature at inner side of the furnace wall
is higher than at outside of the furnace wall.
We had entered
material properties of silica ramming mass. We had found out temperature
distribution after 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour. We had plotted a graph of change
in temperature with respect to time at inner surface and outer surface of the
furnace wall. We had found out stress distribution after 20 minutes, 40
minutes and 60 minutes.
We had plotted a
graph of stress variation with respect to time at inner surface and outer
surface of furnace wall. The red colour in the stress distribution diagrams
indicate maximum stresses created and from that region minor crack
propagation will be started for fatigue failure.
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Induction Melting
Furnaces are highly used now- a-days for melting of different kinds of
materials. The problem comes from the Refractory material of losing its
thermal properties within 200-400 hours of lifetime. It will disturb
production schedule as it requires time to replace the Induction melting furnace
wall. Coupled Field Analysis is done for Induction Melting Furnace Refractory
Wall and validation is done with respect to Experimental Results. Coupled
Field Analysis is done with respect to Silica Ramming Mass. Then S – log N
Curves are plotted for Life Span Prediction.
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2
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Pengaruh
Gaya Dorong Propeller pada Engine Fora Terhadap Kecepatan
Pesawat
Model
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Kecepatan
dari suatu pesawat yang digunakan akan sangat mempengaruhi hasil yang
dicapai.
Untuk
mencapai performa yang baik , ada beberapa komponen pesawat yang
mempengaruhinya. Salah satunya adalah propeller. propeller berperan sebagai
penghasil gaya dorong (thrust), dengan menciptakan perbedaan tekanan antara
permukaan depan dan belakang bilah. Thrust yang tercipta tersebut akan
membantu pesawat untuk terbang. Apabila thrust yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal
akibat salah dalam pemilihan propeller, maka pesawat akan sulit untuk
take-off dan bermanufer.
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Pengujian
dilakukan dengan cara pengukuran tanpa menggunakan pesawat (statis) dan
dengan mengukur kecepatan terbang (dinamis). Adapun yang di ukur antara lain
thrust, kecepatan angin dan kemampuan propeller terbang menempuh satu putaran
lintasan. Untuk pengujian statis dilakukan dengan mengukur thrust dan
kecepatan angin yang dihasilkan berdasarkan masing-masing rpm.
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Hasil-hasil
pengujian disajikan kedalam bentuk tabel dan grafik, dan diolah sehingga
dapat
diketahui
thrust, kecepatan angin dan efisiensi dari masing masing propeller.
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Dari percobaan yang
telah dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan, untuk rpm tertinggi 27000 rpm,
propeller tersebut menghasilkan thrust tertinggi yaitu 1,12 kg, kecepatan
angin sebesar 30,05 m/det dan efisiensi 67%. Hasil ini lebih besar
dibandingkan dengan yang dimiliki propeller C1dan A. hal ini disebabkan oleh
pitch NN lebih besar dari C1 dan A. untuk hasil uji kecepatan terbang
propeller NN didapat 2,48 detik untuk satu putaran pada pesawat model F2D.
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3
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Perencanaan awal
turboptop basic trainer aircraft berdasar kriteria cakupan misi penerbangan
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Tungga Bhimadi,
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik dan Informatika Universitas Gajayana
Malang
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Perancangan awal
merupakan salah satu fase dalam perancangan pesawat terbang, sesudah
perancangan mula dan sebelum perancangan konsep. Sebagai latar belakang,
sudah saatnya Indonesia mengganti pilihan pesawat latih yang digunakan
sekarang. Sehingga perlu usulan pesawat latih dasar pengganti sebagai tujuan
penelitian yaitu, pemilihan Turboprop Basic Trainer Aircraft atau pesawat
latih dasar dengan propeler, untuk latihan calon pilot penerbang pesawat
tempur.
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Metodologi
penilitian yang digunakan yaitu metodologi perancangan empiris yang
memprediksi harga karakteristik yang diusulkan dengan aspek desain fokus pada
kriteria cakupan 3(tiga) misi yaitu sortie training, bomber, dan attack.
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Hasil
penelitian adalah berupa pilihan pesawat berdasar kriteria yang diinginkan
dengan prediksi harga
karakteristik
dari aspek desain seperti aspek: aerodinamika, stabilitas, persyaratan misi,
unjuk kerja, dan kemampuan membawa beban.
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kesimpulan, pesawat
pilihan memenuhi kriteria cakupan misi bahkan untuk beberapa item misi lebih
baik. Metodologi perancangan empiris ini dapat digunakan untuk pemilihan
pesawat jenis lain yang akan digunakan
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4
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Numerical Implications of
Solidity
and Blade Number on Rotor
Performance of Horizontal-Axis
Wind Turbines
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Matthew
M. Duquette
Kenneth D. Visser
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Many factors play a role in the
design of a wind turbine rotor,
including aerodynamics,
generator characteristics, blade strength
and rigidity, and noise levels.
Since a small wind energy system’s
success is largely dependent on
maximizing its energy extraction,
rotor aerodynamics play a
critical role in the minimization of the
cost of energy. Improvements in
aerodynamic design would add
little to the cost of the
system with the potential benefit of increasing
power output. It should be kept
in mind, however, that the
total energy produced depends
on maximizing the energy capture
across the entire operating
range of the turbine and this depends
Many factors play a role in the
design of a wind turbine rotor,
including aerodynamics,
generator characteristics, blade strength
and rigidity, and noise levels.
Since a small wind energy system’s
success is largely dependent on
maximizing its energy extraction,
rotor aerodynamics play a
critical role in the minimization of the
cost of energy. Improvements in
aerodynamic design would add
little to the cost of the
system with the potential benefit of increasing
power output. It should be kept
in mind, however, that the
total energy produced depends
on maximizing the energy capture
across the entire operating
range of the turbine and this depends
on both the behavior of the
power output and the wind’s probability
distribution.
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To quantify the effects of
solidity and blade number on the
aerodynamic characteristics of
wind turbines, a numerical study
was conducted using blade
element momentum and wake models.
The study was divided into two
parts. The first examined theperformance of rotors designed with a
blade-element based optimum
design procedure. The second
part considered rotors with
constant-chord, untwisted
blades. To provide adequate background
to the results, an introduction
to the numerical techniques
is presented next.
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Using blade element and wake
theory, the relationship between
solidity, blade number, and
power characteristics was explored
numerically for the SG6043
airfoil. Maximum CP varied moderately
with changes in blade number
and solidity. The range of tip
speed ratio for maximum CP varied
strongly with solidity and
weakly with blade number.
Higher than traditional solidities and
blade numbers resulted in
higher CP throughout the range of tip
speed ratios studied. All of
the studies showed that an increase in
blade number at a given
solidity increased CP at the operating
point. Increasing the solidity
from the conventional 5%–7% to a
range of 15%–25% yielded higher
maximum CP values while
lowering l at maximum CP to
2–4. Lower tip speed ratios could
reduce structural requirements,
blade erosion and noise levels. In
addition, the high-torque
characteristics of higher solidity rotors
would lower cut-in speeds.
The type of analysis method
also strongly affected the magnitude
Of CP . As might have been
expected, the RWM solutions
overpredictedCP for all
the design point cases examined. The
EWM predicted the lowest CP values
for low solidity cases but
converged on the BEM-based
solutions for higher solidities. The
wake and BEM methods generally
agreed on the tip speed ratio
for the maximum CP
point.
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5
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Efek Suhu Pada
Proses Pengarangan Terhadap Nilai Kalor Arang Tempurung Kelapa
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Coconut Shell
Charcoal, (M. Tirono, Ali Sabit)
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Bahan bakar minyak
merupakan bahan bakar yang diolah dari sumber daya alam yang tidak
dapat diperbaharui. Biomassa merupakan sumber enrgi alternatif terbarukan yang berasal dari
tumbuh-tumbuhan dan limbah. Tempurung kelapa dapat diolah menjadi arang yang
merupakan bahan baku pembuatan arang briket dengan proses karbonisasi.
Temperatur karbonisasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap arang yang dihasilkan
sehingga penentuan temperatur yang tepat akan menentukan kualitas
arang. Penelitian ini merupakan penentuan nilai kalor dari arang tempurung kelapa dengan suhu
pengarangan yang berbeda. Variasi suhu pengarangan yang diberikan yaitu
200 C, 250 ˚ C, 300 C, 350 ˚ C, 400 C,
500 C, 550 ˚ C, dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali pada
setiap variasi suhu. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pada
proses pengarangan terhadap nilai kalor arang. Selain itu mengetahui
efisiensi pembuatan arang tempurung kelapa dengan menganalisa perubahan massa
bahan sebelum dan sesudah pengarangan
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Metode
penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif
yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk table dan grafik, kemudian data yang
dihasilkan dianalisis dengan anova dan regresi linier.
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Hasil penelitian
ini menunjukkan
bahwa penyusutan massa dan nilai kalor berbanding lurus dengan
tingginya suhu pengarangan.
semakin tinggi suhu pengarangan, penyusutan massa bahan semakin tinggi dan nilai kalor
semakin besar.
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Berdasarkan hasil
penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu pengarangan
berpengaruh terhadapa penyusutan massa temperatur kelapa, semakin tinggi suhu
pengarangan maka semakin tinggi massa penyusutan tempurung kelapa. Suhu
pengarangan berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor arang tempurung kelapa, semakin
tinggi suhu pengarangan maka semakin besar nilai kalor arang tempurung
kelapa.
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Thank you Ilham Maulana Romadhon :*
BalasHapus